3-Information Theory-Coding

coding length

In information theory, symbol coding-lengths {coding length} are inversely proportional to symbol probability, compared to other possible symbols. Number of bits needed equals negative of base-2 logarithm of probability. More-frequently-occurring symbols can use shorter-length strings, while less-frequently-occurring symbols can use longer strings {variable length code}. String length can increase to provide more redundancy {geometric code}.

compression in coding

Instead of binary code, codes can represent series, to make total length shorter {compression, information}. Instead of using 0 series, code can denote series length. For example, 000000000000000 can have code 1111, because number of 0's is 15.

symbol number

Compression requires that code has few symbols, allowing more repetition.

predictability

Series make predictability high. If predictability is high, number of possible states is less, and code can use fewer information bits.

arithmetic coding

Symbol probability can be relative symbol memory-amount needed.

amount

Maximum compression is about 100 times.

no compression

If system can have new elements, bits must be independent, allowing no compression.

Gray code

Information can change from analog into digital form {Gray code}. Analog changes can change digital code by one.

Huffman code

String length can be inversely proportional to symbol or state probability {Huffman code}.

instantaneous code

Coding {instantaneous code} can use no prefixes, so no reverse processing is necessary.

modulo-37 arithmetic

Modulo 37 can progressively digitize message, because 37 is prime {modulo-37 arithmetic}.

Related Topics in Table of Contents

3-Information Theory

Drawings

Drawings

Contents and Indexes of Topics, Names, and Works

Outline of Knowledge Database Home Page

Contents

Glossary

Topic Index

Name Index

Works Index

Searching

Search Form

Database Information, Disclaimer, Privacy Statement, and Rights

Description of Outline of Knowledge Database

Notation

Disclaimer

Copyright Not Claimed

Privacy Statement

References and Bibliography

Consciousness Bibliography

Technical Information

Date Modified: 2022.0225